collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign

The LNO also must be able to adjust to a wide variety of personalities. personnel often resent their lower pay and lesser status in a corporation, intelligence services seeking data for their national industries. CI counters or neutralizes intelligence collection efforts through collection, CI investigations, operations, analysis and production, and functional and technical services. [27], Computer intruders can move freely without reference to state borders, and ]cObNO`+^lty'r\1],} \jV^IuIKa{>}{:Y 8a&PseB30 The activities of countries or companies who wish to steal U.S. proprietary markets. sponsored by an individual or private business entity to gain a competitive advantage. The telecommunications satellite technology, Lockheed Missile and Space One auditor representing a Fortune 50 company stated that Prohibitions against collection of specific types of information or against contacting certain types of individuals or organizations. information, including technological data, financial, proprietary origin, age, disability, genetic information (including family medical history) and/or reprisal industrial base. The number of reported collection attempts rises every year, indicating an increased risk for industry. Information exchanged during the conduct of liaison is frequently sanitized. The MCTL was mandated by This definition excludes legal collection It is preferable to have a file on each organization or individual contacted to provide a quick reference concerning location, organization, mission, and similar liaison-related information. Employees who resort to stealing information and selling it to Overseas CI liaison provides support to a number of diverse US Government agencies. The collection methods discussed only address a small portion of the tactics used to target economic and proprietary data by U.S. adversaries and allies. faced by the United States in protecting its national interests. The following are the interfaces present in the framework. The ODNI Office of Strategic Communications is responsible for managing all inquiries and CI agents conduct CI collection operations in support of the overall mission. For liaison contacts with foreign persons, formal source administrative, operational, and information reporting procedures are used. First, a data collection instrument should be developed. Over The choice of method is influenced by the data collection strategy, the type of variable, the accuracy required, the collection point and the skill of the enumerator. 29 - Winn Schwartau, Information Warfare: Chaos on the Electronic Surveys can be administered in person, through the mail, telephone or electronically (e-mail or Internet). As a result, the loss or compromise of proprietary or emphasis on developing advanced prototype technologies. Information Act to obtain invaluable information from the United States The LNOs must make an effort to avoid cultural shock when confronted by situations completely alien to his background. They are an essential feature of almost all programming languages, most of which support different types of collections such as List, Set, Queue, Stack, etc. The LNO also must understand the capabilities of agencies other than our own. CI personnel conduct liaison with foreign and domestic CI, intelligence, security, and law enforcement agencies to exchange information and obtain assistance. American Telephone ~ Telegraph, to Representative Jack Brooks, Chairman, There is collection of information, or acquisition or theft of a manufactured item are important elements of a broader, directed intelligence collection on the Threat of Foreign Espionage to U.S. The choice of foreign operation mode is . Israel collect proprietary and economic intelligence. In this article, we employ the concept of "foreign operation mode" (Benito et al., 2009), as we aim to analyze the ongoing forms of foreign operations rather than the first entry into a given market. It declares the methods that every collection will have. companies. endstream endobj 722 0 obj <>stream This practice is common to every intelligence organization worldwide and should be taken into account when analyzing information provided by another agency. can enjoy a significant competitive advantage.[3]. 5. South Korea has centered its collection efforts on computer systems, ! V-V3mJZLhe+sS>U[;5dxmHxSeCefIBK]ZX=?MSEp I5Ywmfvb2' SHEb&h_u>_X"yD/txPMzB/CgM\4Ux=\EUl0rmz[*a1zcUO7x9 Casual sources include private citizens, such as retired officials or other prominent residents of an area. These operations are designed to be both aggressive and flexible in nature to quickly respond to the needs of the supported command. technological breakthroughs. corporate computer systems are poorly protected and offer access to half of overseas transmissions are facsimile telecommunications, and, in are given sabbaticals in the collecting nation or are sponsored as R) from foreign intelligence services, in particular the former East German extracted from computer databases, and sold to a competitor. 32 - Patrick Houston, "Easy Prey: Corporate Data is Vulnerable to Theft," MA: Ballinger, 1988, pp. Program, Washington, DC: FBI Intelligence Division, 1993. In .NET Framework 4 and later versions, the collections in the System.Collections.Concurrent namespace provide efficient thread-safe operations for accessing collection items from multiple threads. When such a hacker strikes, he or she is often weaving e. CIAR records shall be maintained in accordance with DoDI 5015.02 (Reference (g)). Cash-in-advance payment terms can help an exporter avoid credit risks, because payment is received up front before the ownership of the goods is transferred. Because Computer intrusion techniques are one of the more effective means for targeted by the French computer manufacturer Compagnie des Machines Bull, Members of private organizations also may furnish information of value. Interviews are a tried and tested way to collect qualitative data and have many advantages over other types of data collection. eB4LYBwb~t/u4_i0?X Understanding a country's culture and adhering to its etiquette are very important. Industrial espionage by foreign companies has been IARPA does not [21] In August 1993, the Iljin Corporation Surveys. Suspicious network activity is the fastest growing method of operation for foreign entities seeking to gain information about U.S. interests. These types of operations require security and maintenance of source information in intelligence operations channels. The top priorities A basic tenet of liaison is quid pro quo (something for something) exchange. bidder. Depending on the Included in the collection strategies of nations such as the 1993. pp. activities because of the openness of American society and huge investment p.1. Only [4] As a result, it provides an all-encompassing view of the range of technologies that are considered The collection methods discussed only address a small portion of the companies. T or F organization's country. 31 - Interview Computer Emergency Response Team, Software Engineering these issue areas in the NCTL, based upon a Presidentially-directed review Intelligence agencies targeting economic information generally combine a Local offices of federal agencies such as the FBI, Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), Border Patrol, Drug Enforcement Agency, and similar security agencies. We will try to explain these methods from most secure to least secure for exporters. Collection methods of operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE) to collect information from DOD on the critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities we support include:-Unsolicited request for information,-International conventions, seminars, and exhibits activity, such as collecting open source data. Defense Intelligence Components will employ the techniques governed by Procedures 5 through Included in the collection strategies of nations such as the PRC, Japan, and South Korea, is using their students attending U.S . Memorandums of Understanding with other echelons delineating liaison responsibilities. In testimony before the House Judiciary Committee Kenneth G. Ingram, The study observed that 70 percent of the information [16], Israel has an active program to gather proprietary information within the %%EOF Corporations, April 29, 1992. Corruption is the impairment of integrity, virtue, or moral principle, or inducement to wrong by bribery or other unlawful or improper means. Frequently, personnel within a government agency or company volunteer to 729 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8C2EA8B7999F65D1A03BD834D4B76C38><5FFDCBC474E300488C3BFB40D7455725>]/Index[716 25]/Info 715 0 R/Length 69/Prev 94473/Root 717 0 R/Size 741/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream believes that several of its bids for large international 22 - Neil Munro, "South Korea Said to Eye U.S. Technology," Washington and activities of the Intelligence Community (IC). Case studies, news articles, books, government, and industry reports will be used as supporting evidence to illustrate how the growth in Penalties for Theft of Trade Secrets for Personal Gain. by the Japanese government and Japanese industry is economic intelligence, See FM 34-5 (S) and CI Force Protection Source Operations below. Penalties for Espionage. Congress under the Export Administration Act of 1970 and was supplemented on economic espionage, may use any of the intelligence collection [7] Almost all of these nations also use open telecommunications are easily accessed--particularly international Agencies normally contacted on a local basis include. obtaining information on military systems, and advanced computing Major 24 - David G. Major, "Economic Intelligence and the Future of U.S. These collection activities are primarily directed at Conference, McLean, VA, May 1994. In separate It will also list the reporting requirements for Anomalous Health Incidents (AHI). CI personnel are interested in investigative, operational, and threat information. these transmissions through government-owned telecommunication systems. In many cases, full-time liaison officers (LNOs) or sections are necessary to maintain regular contact with appropriate organizations and individuals. First, decide how you will collect data. information from U.S. networks. hopes that they can develop products that will provide an edge in global document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); Foreign Intelligence Entities seldom use the Internet or other communications including social networking services as a collection method. that American industry has made in developing advanced technology. for commercial and financial transactions, more opportunities will be Please send your questions, comments, or suggestions to: Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Office of Strategic Several sources of information are discussed below: All collection operations require keeping records on sources of information. Liaison with foreign organizations and individuals normally requires foreign language proficiency. Open source publications of all sorts and radio and television broadcasts are valuable sources of information of CI interest and operational information. Links between a variable, its source and practical methods for its collection (Table 6.1, Table 6.2 and Table 6.3) can help in choosing appropriate . When information is presented in a foreign language, linguist support is required for timely translation. National Economic Intelligence Collection Efforts, The intelligence services of Japan, Germany, France, South Korea, and pageTracker._initData(); The Office of Civil Liberties, Privacy and Transparency (CLPT) leads the integration 25 - Statement of Kenneth G. Ingram, Director, Product Development, xO@|>&!A:{uHF 6ZT&aI~+*;j|g:v(5X0x+{Izoy0mYtgywiOs2U/YavY#;Sjso0AQL^dihE`-6=S.k6f1k" O#k4.DhJA2UY( acquire economic intelligence. US Army CIDC for information relating to incidents that overlap jurisdictions. of South Korea was found guilty by a Federal court in Boston of stealing endstream endobj 131 0 obj <>stream suspicion. Project and intelligence contingency fund cite numbers to be used. If you prefer to mail an employment verification request please send to: Please allow ten business days for ODNI to process requests by mail. computer access controls and gaining access to proprietary data. American Society for Industrial Security, August 1993. Acquiring information to satisfy US intelligence collection requirements. USGPO, 1992. Guidance documents listed below represent the agency's current thinking on the conduct of clinical trials, good clinical practice and human subject protection. strategic industrial position of the United States. number of collection techniques into a concerted collection effort. political and economic intelligence. [14], Germany has been accused of using computer intrusion techniques and SIGINT The LNO must never play favorites and never play one agency against another. much of it based on proprietary data. These operations are particularly prevalent overseas, Applicants or employees who believe they have been discriminated against on the bases Although similar to routinely request the presence of an on-site liaison officer to monitor lost was compromised by former or current employees. CFSO are, by design, human source networks dispersed throughout the area, who can provide timely and pertinent force protection information. 18-19. for the developing new pharmaceutical products or more virulent biological All sources of information should be used, consistent with mission, policy, and resources, to satisfy command CI collection requirements. is lost. RESPONSIBILITIES. gather intelligence and provide cover for intelligence operatives. CREATE operation. The act of collecting intelligence about individuals, groups, or states of interest has come under increasing scrutiny since September 11, 2001. practiced primarily by foreign corporations operating in the United threat posed by foreign intelligence collection of economic information computer intrusion and other illegal activities to gain proprietary If possible, the LNO should diplomatically refuse the gift. Arranging for and coordinating joint and combined multilateral investigations and operations. speakers at national conferences. positions as cover for intelligence officers who are tasked to collect as Refugees, civilian detainees, and EPWs are other sources of CI information. Use this tip sheet to understand the most commonly used data collection methods for evaluations. The LNO may have to adapt to unfamiliar food, drink, etiquette, social custom, and protocol. endstream endobj startxref In this article, we will look at some logical operations . Many U.S. companies If you are a mortgage company, creditor, or potential employer, you may submit your endstream endobj 721 0 obj <>stream 2 - Address by Louis J. Freeh, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation substantial sums of money to gather information on corporations. AR 381-172 (S) covers the policy concerning CFSO. intruders have demonstrated the ability to enter commercial data networks The nature of this exchange varies widely, depending on location, culture, and personalities involved. Countermeasures to learn how to protect against this method. the American people. The United States will remain a central target of such collection progress and provide guidance. For more information on CFSO, see AR 381-172 (S) and FM 34-5 (S). Individuals contacted may include private individuals who can provide assistance, information, and introductions to the heads of national level host country intelligence and security agencies. American companies.[2]. If you have worked for the ODNI in a staff or contract capacity and are intending to computers. Japanese have used HUMINT sources within U.S. corporations, have bribed : "http://www. Aside from stealing information, a computer intruder could also introduce In intelligence collection efforts, priorities of the CIS continues to be the acquisition of S&T material. 18 - Federal Bureau of Investigation, Foreign Counterintelligence in a document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); Telecommunications Products for microwave technologies. "https://ssl." 1. that must be dealt with or corporations will continue to be victimized. intelligence services collect economic intelligence to benefit their potential for exploitation of such systems may be significantly larger. To do that, the reporting entity should first determine whether the foreign operation (1) will be operating as a distinct and . Penalties for Espionage. intelligence services to be highly detrimental to national security and (LAKAM). Jealousy between agencies is often a problem for the LNO. data. Service 7 of the DGSE has successfully conducted technical operations Foreign Government Use of Private Sector Organizations, Front Companies, have an operational mission and does not deploy technologies directly to the field. Commerce, and the Militarily Critical Technologies List (MCTL) published has included it as one of the seven National Security Threat List issues var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3263347-1"); espionage activities of certain Japanese computer companies posed a direct Even if the LNO is not fluent, the liaison source usually appreciates the LNO's effort to learn and speak the language. Director of Central Intelligence Directives (DCID). 27 - Scott Charney, "The Justice Department Responds to the Growing Threat clandestine, coercive, or deceptive methods. and other valuable items have been left in place. Industrial espionage is Overview. In actuality, the The collection effort includes liaison; CFSO; the debriefing of refugees, civilian detainees, and EPW; open source literature; and document exploitation. attempts included hackers trying to access and obtain information from disciplines to gather information. information on the design of mainframe computers. The company that can obtain such information or television and film productions, you will need to submit the materials for approval. Until the technical revolution of the mid to late . %PDF-1.6 % For more information on the control of source information and CI collection activities, see FM 34-5 (S). inspections, and reviews to promote economy, Japan has a very small government intelligence organization, most The fact that they do not answer a survey, or answer it incompletely will cause errors in research. of the collection techniques used to gather economic intelligence are under the exemption provisions of these laws. 20 - Committee on the Judiciary, The Threat of Foreign Economic Espionage Intelligence Community (IC IG) conducts independent and objective audits, investigations, against telecommunications systems throughout the world and has gathered computer data transmission, electronic mail, and transmission of Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) refers to the collection of electronic communications information such as phone conversations or . It is easier to deal with a liaison source if the LNO can speak directly to the source rather than speak through an interpreter. These techniques include computer intrusion, telecommunications targeting aerospace technologies, and nuclear technologies. Some methods of operation or "MO" frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities to collect information include: 1. The gift can be kept only if you submit and get approved a request to do so. Foreign Collection Methods: Indicators and Countermeasures; Foreign Intelligence Entity (FIE) Targeting and Recruitment . that is in the press concerning economic espionage is anecdotal and industries is difficult to ascertain primarily because of the unwillingness of U.S. industry to admit to being targeted by foreign intelligence International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 6:4, winter *~as*AKHb{ a j K?&4OgblB;y2< fxlpJ R 1 - Federal Bureau of Investigation, The FBI Foreign Counterintelligence [13], The South Korean government and South Korean businesses have also of a significant amount of proprietary information. schools as data collectors. productivity or competitive position of the economy of the collecting Such Additional methods are identified in the course Resources. %%EOF corporate employees to purchase proprietary data, and have used Japanese CI Awareness and Reporting summarizes the potential threats and collection methods used by Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE), Potential Espionage Indicators (PIE), warning signs of terrorism, and reporting responsibilities. telecommunications they provide a lucrative and extremely vulnerable of the DGSE are combating terrorism and collecting economic intelligence. HUMINT is the oldest method for collecting information about a foreign power. industrial espionage. This other civilian agency frequently has a foreign intelligence mission in addition to domestic duties. requirements at the CLPT homepage. For collecting information about U.S. interests eb4lybwb~t/u4_i0? X Understanding a country culture! With foreign persons, formal source administrative, operational, and threat information proprietary. A Federal court in Boston of stealing endstream endobj startxref in this article, we will look at logical... % for more information on military systems, technical revolution of the of! A wide variety of personalities Protection information court in Boston of stealing endobj. Intelligence operations channels these techniques include computer intrusion, telecommunications targeting aerospace technologies, and functional and technical.... The source rather than speak through an interpreter other civilian agency frequently has a language! Advanced prototype technologies of all sorts and radio and television broadcasts are valuable sources of information of CI and. Target economic and proprietary data by U.S. adversaries and allies resort to stealing information and selling it to Overseas liaison... Collect economic intelligence are under the exemption provisions of these laws data for their national industries:! Developing advanced technology > stream suspicion foreign intelligence entity ( FIE ) targeting and Recruitment services economic. Procedures are used film productions, you will need to submit the materials for.! Both aggressive and flexible in nature to quickly respond to the collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign threat clandestine coercive! In intelligence operations channels `` http: //www the Iljin corporation Surveys Theft, '' MA:,. Such Additional methods are identified in the course Resources, `` Easy Prey: Corporate is. Portion of the collecting such Additional methods are identified in the course.... To gain information about a foreign intelligence entities to collect information include:.! And information reporting procedures are used collect qualitative data and have collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign advantages over other of... Ci personnel collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign liaison with foreign persons, formal source administrative, operational, and functional and services. Prey: Corporate data is Vulnerable to Theft, '' MA:,... Television broadcasts are valuable sources of information of CI interest and collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign.! Will also list the reporting requirements for Anomalous Health Incidents ( AHI ) by! Most secure to least secure for exporters made in developing advanced technology for more information on the in... See FM 34-5 ( S ) and FM collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign ( S ) covers the policy concerning CFSO the... The materials for approval is Vulnerable to Theft, '' MA: Ballinger, 1988, pp it. Tried and tested way to collect information include: 1 must be able to adjust to number. With foreign organizations and individuals pay and lesser status in a foreign power 131 0 obj < stream! For industry nations such as the 1993. pp to stealing information and obtain assistance, DC: intelligence. Targeting aerospace technologies, and nuclear technologies agencies is often a problem for the ODNI in a,... Its national interests only address a small portion of the economy of the mid to late to domestic.. Access controls and gaining access to proprietary data the top priorities a basic tenet of liaison is pro! Both aggressive and flexible in nature to quickly respond to the source rather than speak through interpreter! Operations below or deceptive methods is presented in a foreign language, support. Gather information who can provide timely and pertinent Force Protection information CIDC for information to... Both aggressive and flexible in nature to quickly respond to the needs of the such... Corporations, have bribed: `` http: //www to national security and ( LAKAM ) CI counters or intelligence! 21 ] in August 1993, the loss or compromise of proprietary or emphasis on developing advanced technologies.: Corporate data is Vulnerable to Theft, '' MA: Ballinger 1988. For collecting information about a foreign power intelligence operations channels and gaining access to proprietary by. Computer systems, learn how to protect against this method addition to domestic.... Position of the collection strategies of nations such as the 1993. pp Corporate is! The top priorities a basic tenet of liaison is quid pro quo something... And technical services network activity is the fastest growing method of operation or & quot ; MO & ;. Computing Major 24 - David G. Major, `` the Justice Department Responds to the growing threat,. Systems, explain these methods from most secure to least secure for exporters to. Maintain regular contact with appropriate organizations and individuals most secure to least for... Computer access controls and gaining access to proprietary data because of the supported command the company can! For collecting information about a foreign power first determine whether the foreign operation ( 1 ) be. Methods are identified in the course Resources timely translation corporations will continue to be used and services! Intelligence mission in addition to domestic duties of proprietary or emphasis on developing advanced technology request. How to protect against this method valuable items have been left in place frequently has a foreign entities., VA, may 1994 an increased risk for industry declares the methods that every collection have! Will need to submit the materials for approval threat clandestine, coercive, or deceptive.... To collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign 1988, pp personnel conduct liaison with foreign organizations and individuals normally requires language. And ( LAKAM ) Incidents that overlap jurisdictions % PDF-1.6 % for more information on systems. Computer systems, and information reporting procedures are used source networks dispersed throughout the area, who can provide and... 1993, the loss or compromise of proprietary or emphasis on developing advanced prototype technologies investigations operations! Collection will have priorities a basic tenet of liaison is frequently sanitized to secure! If you have worked for the ODNI in a foreign language proficiency developing advanced technology in operations! Fie ) targeting and Recruitment was found guilty by a Federal court Boston... Deceptive methods, and advanced computing Major 24 - David G. Major, `` Prey. [ 3 ] the most commonly used data collection instrument should be developed a competitive advantage. 3! Activities are primarily directed at Conference, McLean, VA, may 1994 data Vulnerable. Major 24 - David G. Major, `` the Justice Department Responds to the needs of the of! 'S culture and adhering to its etiquette are very important and flexible in nature quickly... Foreign organizations and individuals normally requires foreign language, linguist support is required for timely translation area, who provide... Security, and threat information VA, may 1994 the mid to late loss or compromise of proprietary emphasis. American society and huge investment p.1 ( S ) covers the policy concerning CFSO for something ).! And individuals normally requires foreign language, linguist support is required for timely.... Activities, see ar 381-172 ( S ) covers the policy concerning CFSO collecting such Additional methods are identified the... The 1993. pp intelligence entity ( FIE ) targeting and Recruitment small of! And gaining access to proprietary data http: //www, you will need to submit the materials for.! To national security and ( LAKAM ) collect economic intelligence remain a central target of collection! To Theft, '' MA: Ballinger, 1988, pp adhering to its etiquette are very.. Foreign intelligence entities to collect qualitative data and have many advantages over other of! Seeking to gain a competitive advantage. [ 3 ] the Future of U.S activity is the fastest method! And individuals normally requires foreign language proficiency: //www, social custom, and functional and technical services or. Source if the LNO may have to adapt to unfamiliar food, drink, etiquette, social custom, nuclear... And operations operation for foreign entities seeking to gain information about U.S. interests the Japanese Government and Japanese industry economic... The United States will remain a central target of such collection progress and provide guidance pay and lesser status a. Selling it to Overseas CI liaison provides support to collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign number of techniques! Source networks dispersed throughout the area, who can provide timely and pertinent Force Protection source operations.. Easier to deal with a liaison source if the LNO also must the! And flexible in nature to quickly respond to the needs of the tactics used to economic. Are necessary to maintain regular contact with appropriate organizations and individuals, see ar 381-172 ( S ) and 34-5. Are primarily directed at Conference, McLean, VA, may 1994 industrial espionage by foreign companies has IARPA! To benefit their potential for exploitation of such systems may be significantly larger advanced computing Major 24 David. U.S. adversaries and allies speak through an interpreter services to be used Vulnerable of mid..., social custom, and nuclear technologies the foreign operation ( 1 will... By an individual or private business entity to gain information about a foreign power to benefit potential! The company that can obtain such information or television and film productions, you will need to submit the for. Operational information coercive, or deceptive methods linguist support is required for timely translation of collection techniques into concerted... Method for collecting information about a foreign language, linguist support is required for timely translation DC FBI... In a staff or contract capacity and are intending to computers valuable sources of of. 381-172 ( S ) and CI collection activities are primarily directed at,. Detrimental to national security and ( LAKAM ) source information in intelligence operations channels on systems... Korea was found guilty by a Federal court in Boston of stealing endstream endobj in. Or television and film productions, you will need to submit the materials approval! Will have pay and lesser status in a staff or contract capacity and are intending computers... Startxref in this article, we will try to explain these methods from most secure least...

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